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Daniel Pipes (born September 9, 1949) is an American historian, writer, and political commentator. He is the president of the Middle East Forum, and publisher of its ''Middle East Quarterly'' journal. His writing focuses on the American foreign policy and the Middle East. He is also an Expert at Wikistrat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wikistrat.com/analyst/daniel-pipes/ )〕 After graduating with a PhD from Harvard and studying abroad, Pipes taught at a number of universities. He then served as director of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, before founding the Middle East Forum. His 2003 nomination by U.S. President George W. Bush to the board of directors of the U.S. Institute of Peace was protested by Islamists, Arab-American groups, and Democratic leaders, who cited his oft-stated belief that victory is the most effective way to terminate conflict.〔Lockman, Zachary. ''Contending visions of the Middle East''. 2004, page 257〕〔Hagopian, Elaine Catherine. ''Civil rights in peril''. 2004, page 113〕 The Bush administration sidestepped the opposition with a recess appointment.〔 Pipes has written a dozen books, and served as an adviser to Rudolph Giuliani's 2008 presidential campaign. He was in 2008–11 the Taube Distinguished Visiting Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.〔(Daniel Pipes ), Fellows, Hoover Institution website. Accessed July 24, 2011.〕 ==Early life and education== The son of Irene (née Roth) and Richard Pipes, Daniel Pipes was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1949. His parents had each separately with their families fled German-occupied Poland, and met in the United States.〔Richard Pipes. ''Vixi: memoirs of a non-belonger''. 2006, page 2; page 50〕 His father, Richard Pipes, was a historian at Harvard University, specializing in Russia, and Daniel Pipes grew up primarily in the Cambridge, Massachusetts area. Pipes attended the Harvard pre-school, then received a private school education, partly abroad. He enrolled in Harvard University, where his father was a professor, in the fall of 1967; for his first two years he studied mathematics, but has said: "I wasn't smart enough. So I chose to become a historian." He said he "found the material too abstract." He credits visits to the Sahara Desert in 1968 and the Sinai Desert in 1969 for piquing his interest in the Arabic language,〔 and travels in West Africa for piquing his interest in the Islamic world, and he changed his major to Middle Eastern history.〔 For the next two years, Pipes studied Arabic and the Middle East, obtaining a B.A. in history in 1971; his senior thesis was titled "A Medieval Islamic Debate: The World Created in Eternity," a study of Muslim philosophers and Al-Ghazali.〔 After graduating in 1971, Pipes spent two years in Cairo. He learned Arabic and studied the Quran, which he states gave him an appreciation for Islam.〔 He wrote a book on colloquial Egyptian Arabic which was published in 1983. In all, he studied abroad for six years, three of them in Egypt. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Daniel Pipes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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